Friday, April 16, 2021
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Geology Page

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The Atlantis II fracture zone in the southwestern Indian Ocean with a zoom on the northern corner. The greater water depth in the transform valley is clearly visible. As the plates move, magmatism in the corners refills the deep transform valleys so that the adjacent fracture zones are shallower. Graphic: Christoph Kersten/GEOMAR according to Grevemeyer et al., 2021
plate tectonics

A new view on plate tectonics

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The research potentially has wide implications for the materials sector and industry. Credit: Monash University
Mineral Researches

Rare earth unlocks copper, gold and silver secrets

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Volcano magma chamber. Credit: Cardiff University
Volcanoes

When volcanoes go metal

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Adzebills, also close relatives of cave-rails, were large, flightless birds with big beaks that could have been used to prey on small animals or strip vegetation. Illustration courtesy of Nobu Tamura, CC BY 3.0
Fossils

Extinct Caribbean bird’s closest relatives hail from Africa, South Pacific

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Glaciers such as the Yakutat in Southeast Alaska, shown here, have been melting since the end of the Little Ice Age, influencing earthquakes in the region. Credit: Sam Herreid
Earthquake

Melting glaciers contribute to Alaska earthquakes

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Isua in Greenland Credit: Hanika Rizo
Earth

Traces of Earth’s early magma ocean identified in Greenland rocks

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Despite ESA’s GOCE mission ending over seven years ago, scientists continue to use this remarkable satellite’s gravity data to delve deep and unearth secrets about our planet. Recent research shows how scientists have combined GOCE data with measurements taken at the surface to generate a new model of Earth’s crust and upper mantle. This is the first time such a model has been created this way – and it is shedding new light on the processes of plate tectonics. The new model produced in ESA’s 3D Earth study shows for the first time how dissimilar the sub-lithospheric mantle is beneath different oceans, and provides insight as to how the morphology and spreading rates of mid-oceanic ridges may be connected with the deep chemical and thermal structure. Credit: ESA/Planetary Visions)
Earth

Gravity mission still unearthing hidden secrets

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In this image, the warped amount of the surface is due to the opening of the Central American gateway that allowed hot material to flow through. (a) Before 8.5 million years ago, hot material was upwelling under the Galapagos from deep inside the Earth, but was blocked out of the Caribbean because of a curtain of subducting plate. (b) A gateway opened at 8.5 million years ago allowing the hot material to flow through. (c) Today, the hot material reaches midway between Central America and the Lesser Antilles, tilting up the bottom of the Caribbean sea by about 300 m (1,000 ft). Credit: University of Houston
plate tectonics

Geologists discover powerful ‘river of rocks’ below Caribbean

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Arenal, a major tourist attraction in Costa Rica, is one of the most active volcanos in Central America. Credit: Ernesto Tejedor
Volcanoes

Volcanic eruptions had large and persistent impacts on global hydroclimate over...

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Fungi sample, hypha and sphere in a drill core sample from 540 m depth in the Siljan impact structure, scanning electron microscope image (width ~70 µm). Credit Henrik Drake.
Meteorites

Europe’s largest meteorite crater – home to deep ancient fungi

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Skeletons of four tyrannosaurid specimens tested in the study. Clockwise from above left: adult Tyrannosaurus rex “Sue” (FMNH PR 2081) (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL; photo by the Field Museum), juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex “Jane” (BMRP 2002.4.1) (Burpee Museum of Natural History; photo by A. Rowe), adult Tarbosaurus bataar (Dinosaurium exhibition, Prague, Czech Republic; photo by R. Holiš) and Raptorex kriegsteini skeletal reconstruction (LH PV18) (Long Hao Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China; photo by P. Sereno). Credit: Listed in caption. Final image by Andre Rowe
Dinosaur

Younger Tyrannosaurus Rex bites were less ferocious than their adult counterparts

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These fossil ammonites have lost their outer coating of shell, revealing the iridescent nacre beneath. Now extinct, ammonites were a group of marine mollusks that first appeared about 409 million years ago, persisting until the extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs about 66 million years ago. Credit: Florida Museum photo by Jeff Gage
Paleontology

Rise of marine predators reshaped ocean life as dramatically as mass...

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Fossil of Dickinsonia, an Ediacaran-era animal. (Mary Droser/UCR)
Fossils

Research shows we’re surprisingly similar to Earth’s first animals

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Reconstruction of the crown of Paratingia wuhaia sp. nov.
Fossils

‘Pompeii of prehistoric plants’ unlocks evolutionary secret

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The Cinders lava flow Utah
Earthquake

Unusual earthquakes highlight central Utah volcanoes

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Volcanic plume associated with the April-May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano (Iceland) and Scanning Electron Microscope image of a typical ash cluster made of micrometric volcanic particles collected on an adhesive paper during fallout. © UNIGE, Costanza Bonadonna
Volcanoes

How do you know where volcanic ash will end up?

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The asteroid impact led to the extinction of 75% of life, including all non-avian dinosaurs. Credit: Willgard Krause/Pixabay.
Dinosaur

Asteroid dust found in crater closes case of dinosaur extinction

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Using a method to better locate the source of weak tremors from regions with complex geological features, researchers found that many tremors originate from the shear zone, an area of high fluid pressure, in the Nankai Trough, which is schematically shown here with structures of tectonic plates and fault lines.
Earthquake

Making sense of commotion under the ocean to locate tremors near...

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A transmitted light view through a 200-micron section of a peridotite sample, showing the three main minerals - olivine (clear-green), orthopyroxene (grey-green) and garnet (pink). Credit: Dr Emma Tomlinson, Trinity College Dublin.
Earth

A new, clearer insight into Earth’s hidden crystals

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1.2 million year old mammoth tooth from the Krestovka mammoth. Credit: Pavel Nikolskiy
Fossils

World’s oldest DNA reveals how mammoths evolved

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