Virginia Tech geobiologist Shuhai Xiao and collaborators reported a 550 million-year-old sea sponge fossil, filling in a gap in the evolutionary family tree of one of the earliest animals. Photo by Spencer Coppage for Virginia Tech.

A rare fossil reveals that Earth’s earliest sponges were hiding in...

Reconstruction of Masripithecus moghraensis by Mauricio Antón. Credit: Copyrights belong to Professor Hesham Sallam

Masripithecus: A new Miocene ape from Egypt sheds light on the...

Trace Fossil

Trace Fossil Ichnology: Reconstructing Ancient Behavior

The ancient marine amphibians Erythrobatrachus (foreground) and Aphaneramma (background) swimming along the coast of what is now far norther Western Australia 250 million years ago. Credit: Pollyanna von Knorring (Swedish Museum of Natural History), edited

Lost fossils reveal sea monsters that took over after Earth’s greatest...

A Jurassic-aged dinosaur footprint from the Isle of Skye, Scotland, displayed in 5 mm contours from a photogrammetric model. Credit: Tone Blakesley

This AI app can tell which dinosaur made a footprint

A petrified footprint by a dinosaur is visible in Carreras Pampa in Toro Toro National Park, north of Potosi, Bolivia, Saturday, Dec. 6, 2025. Credit: AP Photo/Juan Karita

16,000 fossil footprints in central Bolivia reveal dinosaur behavior

The fossil replica of Deinosuchus schwimmeri on display in the Tellus Science Museum. Credit: Tellus Science Museum

Decades-long quest leads to first scholarly accurate fossil replica of ‘dinosaur-killer’...

Mustelipeda aff. punctata Kordos. Credit: Quaternary Science Reviews (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109631

Prehistoric elephant footprints documented for first time in Murcia’s fossil dunes

Antelope bone fragment in rock from the 3-million-year-old early human site, Makapansgaat (South Africa). Its bone marrow cavity is filled with a white carbonate-rich precipitate. Paleometabolomics can describe the well-being of that animal and provide ultrafine-scale reconstructions of its paleoecology. Credit: Timothy Bromage and Bin Hu, NYU College of Dentistry

Metabolic analyses of animal fossils help scientists reconstruct million-year-old environments

In this photograph taken in September 2025 and released Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2025, by Stelvio National Park, Carabinieri officer Giacomo Regazzoni, left, and park employee Elia Vitalini inspect Late Triassic prosauropod footprints discovered in the Fraele Valley in northern Italy. Credit: Elio Della Ferrara/Stelvio National Park via AP

A photographer finds thousands of dinosaur footprints near Italian Winter Olympic...

The Hell Creek Mosasaur. Credit: Christopher DiPiazza

Giant sea monsters lived in rivers at the end of the...

Reconstruction of a Late Triassic landscape (approximately 215 million years ago). A lagerpetid, a close relative of pterosaurs, is perched on a rock, observing pterosaurs flying overhead. Credit: Matheus Fernandes, edited

Fossil brain scans show pterosaurs evolved flight in a flash

Artistic reconstruction of a newly hatched troodontid-like dinosaur resting among fragments of its eggshell (loosely based on Mongolian microtroodontid-type). These eggshells, when buried within ancient soil, interacted with meteoric waters, leading to early uranium incorporation into the eggshell calcite crystals. Credit: Eva Utsukiyouhei (宇津城遥平)

Scientists found a hidden clock inside dinosaur eggshells

Image by Artwork by Guillermo Torres, Hace Tiempo, Instituto von Humboldt. Illustration of some of the apex predators in the Paja Formation biota with a human for scale.

Ancient oceans were ruled by super predators unlike anything today

Map showing potential migration routes of the human ancestor, Homo erectus, in Africa, Europe, and Asia during the early Pleistocene. Key fossils of Homo erectus and the earlier Homo habilis species are shown, including the new face reconstruction of the DAN5 fossil from Gona, Ethiopia dated to 1.5 million years ago. Credit: Dr. Karen L. Baab. Scans provided by National Museum of Ethiopia, National Museums of Kenya and Georgian National Museum

1.5-million-year-old fossil face is forcing a rethink of human origins

An illustration of ancient sea cows Alex Boersma

New fossils in Qatar reveal a tiny sea cow hidden for...

Cores of lava breccia, cemented with white calcium carbonate minerals, recovered from IODP Site U1557. Credit: IODP JRSO

Scientists find a massive hidden CO2 sponge beneath the ocean floor

Other plants found in the Rhynie Chert have a range of different vascular systems. Asteroxylon, for example, already has xylem and phloem. © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London

A 400-million-year-old plant creates water so weird it looks alien

Earliest oceanic tetrapod ecosystem from 249 million years ago. A pod of the small-bodied ichthyopterygian ('fish-lizard') Grippia longirostris hunting squid-like ammonoids (top left). The marine amphibian Aphaneramma captures the bony fish Bobastrania (foreground). The gigantic ichthyosaur Cymbospondylus lurks in the depths (bottom right). Fossil of these ancient marine reptiles and amphibians are today preserved on the Arctic island of Spitsbergen in the Svalbard archipelago. Credit: Robert Back

Oldest oceanic reptile ecosystem from the Age of Dinosaurs found on...

The new fossil snake species, Paradoxophidion richardoweni, lived in a much warmer England more than 37 million years ago. Credit: Jaime Chirinos

‘Weird’ new species of ancient fossil snake discovered in southern England

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