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Plasma plumes help shield Earth from damaging solar storms

What Earth was like 4.4 billion years ago?

Origin of Earth’s oldest crystals

Risk of asteroid hitting Earth higher than thought, study shows

Basalt, the most-common rock on Earth’s surface, encases green crystals--a geologic "nesting doll" phenomenon called a xenolith. Basalts such as this one derive from a section of the mantle that has been depleted in incompatible trace elements, which is usually attributed to continental crust formation. In their work, Tucker and his collaborators propose another mechanism that would impart this signature. Credit: Carnegie Institution for Science

Probing the origin of the mantle’s chemically distinct ‘scars’

Several glaciers flow into the area of Young Sound where researchers have shown that heat from the Earth's interior warms up the bottom water of the fjord.

Heat loss from the Earth triggers ice sheet slide towards the...

Found: Surviving evidence of Earth’s formative years

Tiny mineral inclusions picture for the first time oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere and changed the composition of the mantle. Credit: Hugo Moreira / Nature Geoscience

New research reveals Earth’s ancient ‘breath’

Sedimentary rock layers

A popular tool to trace Earth’s oxygen history can give false...

They may not look like much, but CI chondrites – small fragile meteorites as shown here – are thought to be our best compositional equivalents of the bulk material of our solar system.

Earth formed much faster than previously thought

Yellowstone National Park

Surviving one of Earth’s most extreme environments

Why Iceland formed so differently from the gentle early Earth

Targeting mysteries of deep Earth

Researchers developed a technique that allows them to study the atomic arrangements of liquid silicates at the extreme conditions found in the core-mantle boundary. This could lead to a better understanding of the Earth's early molten days, which could even extend to other rocky planets. Credit: Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Earth’s evolutionary tale, researchers probe materials at deep-Earth conditions

Prehistoric landslide discovery rivals largest known on surface of Earth

volcano

Violence of volcanoes is helping scientists monitor Earth’s sensitive side

A schematic diagram of the Earth's deep oxygen factory shows the oxygenation and deoxygenation processes of hydrous mantle materials in the lower mantle across the ~1000 km depth beneath Earth's surface. Under the conditions of Earth's middle mantle, scientists discovered an oxygen-excess phase, (Mg,Fe)2O3+δ (0 < δ < 1) that can be formed with under-saturated water at >1000 kilometers depths. Those oxygen-excess materials may have long-termly oxidized the shallow mantle and the crust, which is essential to allow free oxygen to build up in Earth's atmosphere. Credit: Science China Press

Oxygen-excess oxides in Earth’s mid-mantle facilitate the ascent of deep oxygen

Earth's layers

Scientists go to extremes to reveal make-up of Earth’s core

Bermuda has a unique volcanic past. About 30 million years ago, a disturbance in the mantle’s transition zone supplied the magma to form the now-dormant volcanic foundation on which the island sits.

From Earth’s deep mantle, scientists find a new way volcanoes form

Meteorites

Meteorites reveal likely origin of Earth’s volatile chemicals

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