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For her research Witkowski collected seawater with fresh, modern algae to test potential indicators of the past.

Fossil algae reveal 500 million years of climate change

Mosquitoes in the amber.

Blood-sucking flies have been spreading malaria for 100 million years

Deception Island.

A large volcanic eruption shook Deception Island 3,980 years ago

Close-up of the meteorite fragment showing the fusion crust.

Detective mission to characterise and trace the history of a new...

During the Triassic period (252-201 million years ago) mammal-like reptiles called therapsids co-existed with ancestors to dinosaurs, crocodiles, mammals, pterosaurs, turtles, frogs, and lizards.

Gigantic mammal ‘cousin’ discovered

Field photograph of massive flowstone layers from one of the South African hominin caves, with red cave sediments underneath.

Evolution: South Africa’s hominin record is a fair-weather friend

A fossil tooth of a hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius) (left) and a fossil tooth of a white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) (right) , two of the few surviving megaherbivores, from the Late Pleistocene of western Kenya (left).

Human ancestors not to blame for ancient mammal extinctions in Africa

cobalt-copper ore

Earth’s cobalt deposits formed much later than previously believed

Angelenos play below derricks at Huntington Beach pier, c. 1930-40. In the early decades of the twentieth century, LA residents accepted ground subsidence and small earthquakes as the cost of producing oil. But discontent began to rumble in the late 1930s. Rapid exploitation of Wilmington, one of the largest oil fields in California, and the Huntington Beach field caused Long Beach harbor to sink, buckling railway lines and forcing the city to build higher piers. Credit: Orange County Archives

Oil extraction likely triggered mid-century earthquakes in L.A.

two fossilized dinosaur skeletons found on a Montana

Fight over dinosaur fossils comes down to what’s a mineral

Dinosaur reconstructions by Dr Anthony Romilio

Tiny raptor tracks lead to big discovery

Dr Peter Wynn, Lancaster University, taking a sample in Iceland. Credit: Dr Hugh Tuffen

Volcanoes and glaciers combine as powerful methane producers

Planktonic foraminifera, such as these collected in the Gulf of Mexico, form the base of many marine and aquatic food chains.

Climate, life and the movement of continents: New connections

Map of the bedrock topography beneath the ice sheet and the ice-free land surrounding the Hiawatha impact crater.

Huge Crater Discovered in Greenland

Ocean

Seismic study reveals huge amount of water dragged into Earth’s interior

Artist depiction of the MMS spacecraft that provided the first view of magnetic reconnection. Credit: NASA/GSFC

Scientists Help Provide First-Ever Views of Elusive Energy Explosion

The experiment on La Palma: The laser beam (yellow) generates an artificial guide star in the mesosphere. This light is collected in the receiver telescope (front left). The laser source and the receiver telescope are eight meters away from each other. Credit: Copyright Felipe Pedreros Bustos

Earth’s magnetic field measured using artificial stars at 90 kilometers altitude

The Indus civilization was the largest—but least known—of the first great urban cultures that also included Egypt and Mesopotamia. Named for one of their largest cities, the Harappans relied on river floods to fuel their agricultural surpluses. Today, numerous remains of the Harappan settlements are located in a vast desert region far from any flowing river.

Climate change likely caused migration, demise of ancient Indus Valley civilization

A reconstruction of the Eocene of Turkey, where the small marsupial was found. Besides the marsupials, the fauna includes embrithopods (the rhino-like animals of the background, more related to elephants and sea cows), pleuraspidotheriids (primitive ungulates with a deer/dog look), a group of primates called omomyids, bats, tortoises and crocodiles. Credit: Oscar Sanisidro | University of Kansas

Deep-time evolution of animal life on islands

Lijinganthus revoluta

Ancient flower fossil points to core eudicot boom 99 million years...

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