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A conceptual rendering suggests how Earth's land elevations and oceans may have appeared during the assembly of Kenorland, left, and later, right, after the Great Oxygenation Event. A University of Oregon-led study has potentially narrowed the window on when significant amounts of land emerged from under the ocean's surface.

Land rising above the sea 2.4 billion years ago changed planet...

Intensity at Earth's surface (left) and radial field (Br) at the CMB (right).

Earth’s magnetic field is not about to reverse

Snowball Earth

Was the Earth ever frozen solid?

Millstream National Park, Pilbara, Western Australia.

Why parts of Earth have barely changed in 3 billion years

Inside the target chamber at the University of Rochester's Omega Facility, a team of researchers including Princeton University's Thomas Duffy and June Wicks use lasers to compress iron-silicon samples to the ultrahigh pressures found in the cores of super-Earths.

Ultrahigh-pressure laser experiments shed light on super-Earth cores

Meteorite sample

Meteorite diamonds tell of a lost planet

Meteorites

Water appeared while Earth was still growing

Brewing up Earth’s earliest life

"Lava" Earth's mantle

Understanding the Earth under Hawaii

Using Argonne's Advanced Photon Source, researchers identified a form of water known as Ice-VII, which was trapped within diamonds that crystallized deep in the Earth's mantle.

Argonne’s powerful X-rays key to confirming water source deep below Earth’s...

The molecular structure of ice-VII (upper right) is shown with an artistic rendering of the Earth and a cutaway view of the inner Earth (right). Crystallized water, in the form of ice-VII, was found in diamond samples studied at Berkeley Lab.

Diamonds from the deep: Study suggests water may exist in Earth’s...

Diamond crystal

Unique diamond impurities indicate water deep in Earth’s mantle

This illustration shows how the changes in the electromagnetic properties of xenon, iron, and nickel under these intense pressures allow for the formation of XeFe3 and XeNi3.

Do you know where your xenon is?

Earth’s geomagnetic field

New data helps explain recent fluctuations in Earth’s magnetic field

Earth's Layers

Challenging core belief: Have we misunderstood how Earth’s solid center formed?

Earth’s mid-life crisis – new research backs ‘lull’ in the geologic...

Diamonds with garnet inclusions can form at depths down to 550 kilometres below the surface. Credit

Oxidized iron deep within Earth’s interior

Earth experienced multiple large impacts; the high-pressure and -temperature conditions caused pockets of core and mantle partitioning that persist as chemically distinct today.

Earth’s core and mantle separated in a disorderly fashion

Several glaciers flow into the area of Young Sound where researchers have shown that heat from the Earth's interior warms up the bottom water of the fjord.

Heat loss from the Earth triggers ice sheet slide towards the...

This is Moho temperature at depths varying from 20 to 50 km.

New details emerge on temperature, mobility of earth’s lower crust in...

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