Earth may be 140 years away from reaching carbon levels not...

Graphic showing the Transition Zone inside the Earth Princeton seismologist Jessica Irving worked with then-graduate student Wenbo Wu and another collaborator to determine the roughness at the top and bottom of the transition zone, a layer within the mantle, using scattered earthquake waves. They found that the top of the transition zone, a layer located 410 kilometers down, is mostly smooth, but the base of the transition zone, 660 km down, in some places is much rougher than the global surface average. “In other words, stronger topography than the Rocky Mountains or the Appalachians is present at the 660-km boundary,” said Wu. NOTE: This graphic is not to scale. Credit: Kyle McKernan, Office of Communications

Massive Bolivian earthquake reveals mountains 660 kilometers below our feet

Bubbles of liquid carbon dioxide float out of the seafloor at a vent on Northwest Eifuku volcano off the coast of Japan.

How undersea gases once helped superheat our planet

pillow basalts from undersea volcanic eruptions,

Researchers help define Southern Ocean’s geological features

This is a view of Coalcliff in New South Wales, Australia, where researchers discovered evidence that Earth's largest extinction may have extinguished plant life nearly 400,000 years before marine animal species disappeared. Credit: Christopher Fielding

Earth’s largest extinction event likely took plants first

Image depicts the change in impact rate modeled in this paper. Some of the craters used in the study on both the moon and Earth are highlighted in the background. Credit: Data from NASA GSFC / LRO / Arizona State University; Artwork by Rebecca Ghent

Scientists find increase in asteroid impacts on ancient Earth by studying...

Rare-earth elements discovered in Georgia kaolin mines, study finds

Yellowstone National Park

Surviving one of Earth’s most extreme environments

Yellowstone National Park

A microbe’s membrane helps it survive extreme environments

The iron cycle in the ocean

Tracing iron in the North Pacific

Ocean

Seismic study reveals huge amount of water dragged into Earth’s interior

Artist depiction of the MMS spacecraft that provided the first view of magnetic reconnection. Credit: NASA/GSFC

Scientists Help Provide First-Ever Views of Elusive Energy Explosion

The experiment on La Palma: The laser beam (yellow) generates an artificial guide star in the mesosphere. This light is collected in the receiver telescope (front left). The laser source and the receiver telescope are eight meters away from each other. Credit: Copyright Felipe Pedreros Bustos

Earth’s magnetic field measured using artificial stars at 90 kilometers altitude

Scientists theorize new origin story for Earth’s water

Researchers confirm Earth’s inner core is solid

The island of Daphne to the north of Santa Cruz

Mineral discoveries in the Galapagos Islands pose a puzzle as to...

Mekong River

New understanding of Mekong River incision

Earth's mantle (dark red) lies below the crust (brown layer near the surface) and above the outer core (bright red).

A wrench in Earth’s engine: Stagnant slabs

The Hunga Island Tonga Hunga Ha'apai

Mountains create biodiversity

Panhandle of Texas

The origins of the High Plains landscape

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