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A. The lithospheric breakup-collision coupling system, in which collisional thickening of the continental crust is coupled with lithospheric breakup due to asthenospheric upwelling for active rifting. B. The seafloor spreading-lithospheric subduction coupling system, in which the oceanic slab is subducted to depths of >80–100 km for the gravitational pull, providing far-field stresses for passive rifting. Credit: Science China Press

Plate tectonics in the twenty-first century

Superdeep diamonds that originate hundreds of kilometers beneath Earth’s surface are like time capsules revealing how they were formed, thanks to unique combinations of minerals trapped inside the diamonds. Credit: University of Alberta

‘Superdeep’ diamond deepens our understanding of plate tectonics

The Northwestern research team of seismologists and statisticians has developed an earthquake probability model that is more comprehensive and realistic than what is currently available.

A more realistic earthquake probability model using long-term fault memory

Microplastics of 2mm. Credit: NIOZ

Sunlight pulps the plastic soup

Lava fountains at Kilauea in Hawaii created a spatter cone, which was estimated to be 180 feet tall in this June 2018 photo. Credit: U.S. Geological Survey

Hawai’i earthquake swarm caused by magma moving through ‘sills’

New study reveals, how foreshock waves interact with Earth’s magnetosphere. Foreshock waves are able to tune the shock, making it alternatively stronger or weaker. These waves could only be detected in a narrow region behind the shock. (Image: Lucile Turc)

New study models the transmission of foreshock waves towards Earth

The schematic of the proposed method. Locations of interest are shown with maximum inundation extent on the training set. S-net station segments are marked with colored lines. Credit: Nature Communications (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33253-5

Deep learning can predict tsunami impacts in less than a second

Summer precipitation and black carbon emission characteristics. a The spatial pattern of summer precipitation using the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) dataset overlain with summer 500 hPa wind fields for the period 2001–2016, using the ERA-Interim dataset over the Tibetan plateau (TP) and South Asia (denoted by red polygon). NTP and STP delineate the northern and southern Tibetan plateau boundaries.

South Asian black carbon causes glacier loss on Tibetan Plateau

Mauna Loa. Photo credit: Lis Gallant

Mauna Loa eruption: Predicting lava flow

Fig. 1: Some adult individuals watch over the newly-hatched Europasaurus chicks which are leaving the nest to join their herd. Commissioned artwork by Davide Bonadonna.

What the inner ear of Europasaurus reveals about its life

Close up photograph of the mammal foot among the ribs of Microraptor. Photograph by Hans Larsson, who retains the copyright on these images. These may be used in any article in association with this story. / Gros plan photo du pied de mammifère parmi les côtes de Microraptor. Photographie de Hans Larsson, qui détient les droits d'auteur sur ces images. Ceux-ci peuvent être utilisés dans n'importe quel article en association avec cette histoire.

Rare discovery of dinosaur remains preserved with its last meal

Artist’s life reconstruction of adult and newly born Triassic ichthyosaurs Shonisaurus, 2022. Credit: Gabriel Ugueto.

Giant extinct marine reptile graveyard was likely ancient birthing grounds

Dinosaur ancestors are shown in this artist's conception of life in the Chañares formation approximately 235 million years. Credit: Victor O. Leshyk / www.paleovista.com

Climate change played key role in dinosaur success story

Pterodactylus antiquus, DMA-JP-2014/004, from the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) Torleite Formation of Painten; overview photograph.

Oldest Pterodactylus fossil found in Germany

Fossils from the Fezouata Shale. From left to right, a non-mineralized arthropod (Marrellomorpha), a palaeoscolecid worm and a trilobites. Credit Emmanuel Martin. 

Fossil site reveals giant arthropods dominated the seas 470 million years...

A seismogram of 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami recorded at Weston Observatory in Massachusetts, USA. Credit: Image from Wikimedia Commons.

Finding faults deeply stressful

Artist's impression of an individual 525-million-year-old Cardiodictyon catenulum on the shallow coastal sea floor, emerging from the shelter of a small stromatolite, rock-like structures built by microorganisms that were common at the time. Credit: Nicholas Strausfeld

525-million-year-old fossil defies textbook explanation for brain evolution

Artistic reconstruction of the Ordovician fossils Mieridduryn bonniae. Original artwork by Franz Anthony

Welsh ‘weird wonder’ fossils add piece to puzzle of arthropod evolution

Thanks to its geothermally active location, the town of Kusatsu, Gunma Prefecture (in the background of this image), is one of Japan’s most popular onsen (hot springs) destinations. The acidic and vibrant turquoise Yugama crater lake, however, is definitely not suitable for swimming. Credit: Tomoya Obase

Monitoring ‘frothy’ magma gases could help evade disaster

Field area and glacier retreat due to calving. (A) Location of Börgen Bay at the West Antarctic Peninsula. Bathymetry from ETOPO 1 global relief model (74). (B) Bathymetry of Börgen Bay from multibeam echosounder data and coastline/topography from Landsat imagery (see Materials and Methods). Dots mark locations of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles used here, with profiles taken before (red) and after (blue) the calving event. (C) Landsat images of the William Glacier front from (top) 17 January 2020 and (bottom) 24 January 2020. In both panels, the orange line marks the glacier front on 17 January 2020 to highlight the retreat of the glacier between those dates. Credit: Science Advances (2022). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0720

Underwater tsunamis created by glacier calving cause vigorous ocean mixing

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