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Fig. 1 Map of the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake and surrounding area. (A) Transpressional tectonic setting of the northeastern South Island of New Zealand. (B) Map of surface ruptures from the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake, shown in bold black lines with the Papatea fault in red (8, 28). Dots represent scaled relative energy release from back-projection results (15) and are colored by time since rupture onset. Mapped active faults that did not rupture during the Kaikōura event are indicated by thin black lines (28). Credit: Science Advances 02 Oct 2019: Vol. 5, no. 10, eaax5703, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5703

Unusual fault rupture during Kaikōura quake

Machu Pichu. Detailed mapping indicates the World Heritage Site’s location and layout were dictated by the underlying geological faults. Photo taken 5 Nov. 2010; credit: Rualdo Menegat.

Machu Picchu: Ancient Incan sanctuary intentionally built on faults

Photographs of alkaline magmatic intrusions in Greenland. The region was volcanically and tectonically active around 1.2 billion years ago. Although no longer active, it is of major interest to geologists because the subsequent uplift and glacial erosion have cut deep into the rift and exposed the magma chambers that once lay well below the surface. Greenland’s magmas were sourced from a mantle that was enriched and contaminated by ancient crustal materials. Credit: University of St Andrews

Ancient volcanoes reveal Earth’s recycled crust

Continents breaking up and getting back together. Image credit: Naeblys / Getty Images

Researchers uncover 2.5 billion years of Earth’s continents breaking up and...

Diamond

Diamonds reveal how continents are stabilized, key to Earth’s habitability

India , Asia

When India Slammed Into Asia

Explosive volcanic crater (maar) with small lake at the bottom close to Dilo

New light into the recent evolution of the African rift valley

Earth

Scientists propose solution to ‘Gaia puzzle’

Nuvvuagittuq, Canada

Earth could have supported continental crust, life earlier than thought

Cifelliodon wahkarmoosuch

Utah fossil reveals global exodus of mammals’ near relatives to major...

continents

Formation of supercontinents and strength of ocean tides

Cratonic lithosphere with a high-density root undergoes delamination when perturbed by mantle plumes from beneath. The removed cratonic root then thermally grows back, with its rock fabrics preserving recent mantle deformation.

Continental interiors may not be as tectonically stable as geologists think

The East African Rift System

When continents break it gets warm on Earth

Ancient Earth’s hot interior created ‘graveyard’ of continental slabs

continents

How continents were recycled

Scientists set sail to unlock secrets of ‘lost continent’ Zealandia

Link identified between continental breakup, volcanic carbon emissions and evolution

Geology and biology agree on Pangaea supercontinent breakup dates

As continents continue moving, study suggests effects on biodiversity

Continental crust thanks to the right mixture

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