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Microscopic view on marine plankton.

Plankton as a climate driver instead of the sun?

Don Juan Pond in Antarctica

Earliest life may have arisen in ponds, not oceans

Transien modelling results: Atmospheric CO2 concentration (in pink) compared to ice core data (solid line) and other proxies. Willeit et al, 2019

More CO2 than ever before in 3 million years, shows unprecedented...

Iron-oxidizing bacteria live in environments as extreme as the deep ocean and as common as roadside ditches. A recent paper in Frontiers proposes distributing the iron that these bacteria naturally produce to 'fertilize' phytoplankton and help remove excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Credit: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences

Study Looks to Iron from Microbes for Climate Help

Hurricane Irma forming over the Atlantic Ocean in September 2017.

Large volcanic eruptions can alter hurricane strength and frequency

Over the last 540 million years, as the Earth's tectonic plates have shifted, MIT researchers have found that periods of major tectonic activity (orange lines) in the tropics (green belt) were likely triggers for ice ages during those same periods.

Tectonics in the tropics trigger Earth’s ice ages

A speleothem that Ibarra retrieved from a cave in the Philippine

Rescuing geologic and climate records

Shells

The deep Southern Ocean is key to more intense ice ages

This is a tidal marsh in Maryland, on a tributary of Chesapeake Bay.

As sea level rises, wetlands crank up their carbon storage

A 2015 wildfire burns in the boreal forest of central Alaska. A recent study by Tyler Hoecker and Philip Higuera reconstructs fire history in a nearby boreal forest landscape and suggests that fire activity over the past several decades has been higher than at any time over the past 450 years.

Alaska forest fires over past 450 years

Scientists use the deep-diving robot Jason to collect water samples from oceanic crust at a subseafloor observatory off the coast of Washington. A recent study found that a group of unusual microbes living below the seafloor provides clues to the evolution of life on Earth, and potentially other planets. Credit: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, courtesy of University of California, Santa Cruz, US National Science Foundation, ROV Jason dive J2-711, 2013, AT26-03 cruise chief scientist Andrew Fisher

Unusual microbes hold clues to early life

pillow basalts from undersea volcanic eruptions,

Researchers help define Southern Ocean’s geological features

The drumlins were formed by fast-moving ice floes instead of slow melting ice. Credit: WVU

Researchers unearth an ice age in the African desert

Carbon dioxide emissions can be securely stored in underground rocks, with minimal possibility of the gas escaping from fault lines back into the atmosphere, research by the University of Edinburgh has shown. Credit: Johannes Miocic

Fault lines are no barrier to safe storage of CO2 below...

Doctoral students Daniel Miller, in the water, with Helen Habicht and Benjamin Keisling, handle two recaptured sediment traps from an unusually deep lake in central Maine, where they collected 136 sediment samples spanning the 900-year time span to reconstruct the longest and highest-resolution climate record for the Northeastern United States to date.

Geoscientists reconstruct ‘eye-opening’ 900-year Northeastern U.S. climate record

Yellowstone National Park

Surviving one of Earth’s most extreme environments

Future climate analogs for the years 2020, 2050, 2100 and 2200 according to three well-established models. If greenhouse gas emissions are not curbed, the study says, the climate will continue to warm until it begins to resemble the Eocene in 2100. Credit: Courtesy of the authors

Humans may be reversing the climate clock, by 50 million years

Planktonic foraminifera, such as these collected in the Gulf of Mexico, form the base of many marine and aquatic food chains.

Climate, life and the movement of continents: New connections

The Indus civilization was the largest—but least known—of the first great urban cultures that also included Egypt and Mesopotamia. Named for one of their largest cities, the Harappans relied on river floods to fuel their agricultural surpluses. Today, numerous remains of the Harappan settlements are located in a vast desert region far from any flowing river.

Climate change likely caused migration, demise of ancient Indus Valley civilization

T, temperature; S, salinity; P, phosphate; N, nitrogen salt; Si, silicate; E, extracellular enzyme; POC, particulate organic carbon; DOC, dissolved organic carbon. Credit: ©Science China Press

Scientists propose that vibrios have significant roles in marine organic carbon...

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