A view of Kīlauea’s summit lava lake. The lava lake is contained within a crater, which is set within the larger Halema‘uma‘u Crater. New research aims to understand the activity that led to the eruption in 2018 in Kīlauea’s lower East Rift Zone. Credit: USGS

Rare opportunity to study short-lived volcanic island reveals sulfur-metabolizing microbes

(A) Completely unhatched egg from the clutch P43. (B) Almost fully intact circular outline of egg possibly indicating it to be unhatched and no loose eggshells are found in the clutch P6. (C) Compressed egg from clutch DR10 showing hatching window (arrow showing gap) and few eggshells collected just around the hatching window (circled) which possibly represent the remnants of hatching window. (D) Egg from clutch P26 showing curved outline. (E) Deformed egg from clutch P30 showing egg surfaces slipping past each other. Credit: Dhiman et al., 2023, PLOS ONE, CC-BY 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Researchers uncover 92 fossil nests belonging to some of India’s largest...

Scanning electron microscope images of tiny, ancient planktonic foraminifera, recovered from Gubbio, Italy. Credit: Gabriella Kitch

Malformed seashells, ancient sediment provide clues about Earth’s past

Dimitri Laurent explores a typical gallery in the Nébélé Cave, which was formed by sulfuric acid speleogenesis. You can see a deep notch that indicates the former presence of a river, and sodium sulfate on the left that is produced from weathering by sulfuric acid. Credit: Christophe Durlet

Unearthing the sources of cave-forming sulfuric acid

A view from the summit of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in 2017 (CC BY-SA 4.0 Damien Grouille/Wikimedia Commons)

Looking back at the Tonga eruption

The extensive accumulations of obsidian artefacts in level C. a,b, General view of the level and detail of artefact density along the MS cliff (a) and inset (b). c,d, General view (c) and detail (d) of the artefact concentration (mainly handaxes) in the test pit of 2004. Credit: Nature Ecology & Evolution (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01970-1

Obsidian handaxe-making workshop from 1.2 million years ago discovered in Ethiopia

A figure from the study showing teeth from a megaraptor dinosaur from various view points. The black tooth preserves most of the tooth crow. The tan tooth is missing the crown apex and base. Credit: Davis et al.

Fossils Reveal Dinosaurs of Prehistoric Patagonia

Boudinage in brecciated dolostone rocks of the Panamint Range (Wildrose Area, Death Valley National Park). New research shows that periclase is stronger than bridgmanite in earth's lower mantle, analogous to boudins developing in rigid ("stronger") rocks among less competent ("weaker") rocks. Credit: Jennifer M. Jackson, Caltech

New results reveal surprising behavior of minerals deep in the Earth

A. The lithospheric breakup-collision coupling system, in which collisional thickening of the continental crust is coupled with lithospheric breakup due to asthenospheric upwelling for active rifting. B. The seafloor spreading-lithospheric subduction coupling system, in which the oceanic slab is subducted to depths of >80–100 km for the gravitational pull, providing far-field stresses for passive rifting. Credit: Science China Press

Plate tectonics in the twenty-first century

Superdeep diamonds that originate hundreds of kilometers beneath Earth’s surface are like time capsules revealing how they were formed, thanks to unique combinations of minerals trapped inside the diamonds. Credit: University of Alberta

‘Superdeep’ diamond deepens our understanding of plate tectonics

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