Debris Flow Dynamics

Graphic showing the Transition Zone inside the Earth Princeton seismologist Jessica Irving worked with then-graduate student Wenbo Wu and another collaborator to determine the roughness at the top and bottom of the transition zone, a layer within the mantle, using scattered earthquake waves. They found that the top of the transition zone, a layer located 410 kilometers down, is mostly smooth, but the base of the transition zone, 660 km down, in some places is much rougher than the global surface average. “In other words, stronger topography than the Rocky Mountains or the Appalachians is present at the 660-km boundary,” said Wu. NOTE: This graphic is not to scale. Credit: Kyle McKernan, Office of Communications

Massive Bolivian earthquake reveals mountains 660 kilometers below our feet

Mount Agung

Satellite images reveal interconnected plumbing system that caused Bali volcano to...

Bubbles of liquid carbon dioxide float out of the seafloor at a vent on Northwest Eifuku volcano off the coast of Japan.

How undersea gases once helped superheat our planet

This is an illustration depicting Mnyamawamtuka in its environmental setting.

New dinosaur with heart-shaped tail provides evolutionary clues for African continent

A fossil of a conifer called Cunninghamia.

New study of fossil plants shows the emergence of the Pacific...

Indonesia’s devastating 2018 earthquake was a rare supershear, UCLA study finds

Previously, the oldest traces of this kind found dated to approximately 600 million years ago: the Ediacaran period, also characterized by a peak in dioxygen and a proliferation in biodiversity. Scale bar: 1 cm. Credit: A. El Albani / IC2MP / CNRS - Université de Poitiers

Discovery of the oldest evidence of mobility on Earth

Megalodon extinction graphical abstract.

Giant ‘megalodon’ shark extinct earlier than previously thought

The place where the footprint was found

Neanderthal footprints found in Gibraltar

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