A sapphire from sediment in the Kyll, a river in the western Eifel. The crystal measures approximately 0.9 mm in diameter. | © Sebastian Schmidt

A blue miracle: How sapphires formed in volcanoes

A thin slice of the ancient rocks collected from Gakkel Ridge near the North Pole, photographed under a microscope and seen under cross-polarized light. Field width ~ 14mm. Credit: E. Cottrell, Smithsonian.

New study supports stable mantle chemistry dating back to Earth’s early...

Photo-like satellite image of southern Greenland on the afternoon of September 4, 2022. Bare, dirty ice at the margin of the ice sheet appears gray. Snow-covered ice is bright white. Pale blue ribbons and circles are lakes, rivers and ponds of melt water. NASA image from Worldview

Scientists discover missing piece in climate models

Porous dolomite rock with cavities that would be ideal for geothermal utilisation. © RUB, Marquard

Hot traces in rock

Daybreak at the Gale Crater on Mars where organic material was found Photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

Organic material from Mars reveals the likely origin of life’s building...

Among the numerous hydrothermal mounds of the Jøtul field is the Nidhogg spring, named after a serpent-like dragon in Norse mythology that lives on the world tree Yggdrasil. The fluids with temperatures of 40 to 50 degrees Celsius at Nidhogg lead to the precipitation of barite and amorphous opal, and the numerous amphipods particularly like these temperatures. Photo: MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen

Investigating newly discovered hydrothermal vents at depths of 3,000 meters off...

Musankwa sanyatiensis leg bones as they were discovered in the ground on Spurwing Island, Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Credit: Paul Barrett

Musankwa sanyatiensis, a new dinosaur from Zimbabwe

Footprint found in Triassic rocks from South Wales Credit: Cindy Howells at the National Museum of Wales

Origins of ‘Welsh dragons’ finally exposed by experts

Reconstruction of the oldest sea-going reptile from the Southern Hemisphere. Nothosaurs swimming along the ancient southern polar coast of what is now New Zealand around 246 million years ago. Artwork by Stavros Kundromichalis.

Ancient polar sea reptile fossil is oldest ever found in Southern...

The progression of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption.

Iceland’s volcano eruptions may last decades

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