Earth
plate tectonics

X-ray view of subducting tectonic plates

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Evidence suggests an asteroid impact that killed off most dinosaurs might have happened in spring. Credit: Joschua Knüppe
Dinosaur

The reign of the dinosaurs ended in spring

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Researchers discover first evidence indicating dinosaur respiratory infection
Dinosaur

First evidence indicating dinosaur respiratory infection

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Illustration by Cindy Joli, Julio Francisco Garza Lorenzo, and René Dávila Rodríguez.
Fossils

New fossil birds discovered near China’s Great Wall – one had...

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Credit: UC Davis
Earthquake

Ridgecrest shows how earthquakes damage Earth’s crust

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Nearly 10 yrs of drone surveys at Merapi volcano highlights the importance of hydrothermal weakening and structures hidden beneath younger lavas. A fracture system that formed in 2012 was subsequently buried under new lava in 2018. Only a year later, the new lava dome that formed in 2018 showed signs of instability and collapse along the previously buried fracture system, implying that hidden weaknesses may be a key factor in controlling hazardous volcano collapse. Credit: Darmawan et al., (2022)
Volcanoes

Hidden weaknesses within volcanoes may cause their collapse

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The astonishing force of the Tonga volcanic eruption in January 2022 shocked the world, but the fact that this underwater volcano actually erupted came as less of a surprise to geoscientists using satellite data to study changes in the temperature deep below Earth’s surface. As part of the effort to understand the complexities of Earth’s interior, scientists working within ESA’s Science for Society 3D Earth project, have developed a state-of-the art model of the lithosphere, which is a term to describe Earth’s brittle crust and the top part of the upper mantle, and the sub-lithospheric upper mantle down to 400 km depth. The model combines different satellite data, such as gravity data from ESA’s GOCE mission, with in-situ observations, primarily seismic tomography. The model that show differences in temperature, or thermal structures, indicated that the Tonga volcano was due to erupt at some point. Credit: ESA/Planetary Visions
Volcanoes

Deep down temperature shifts give rise to eruptions

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The pink pumice, and its thermal history, provides an insight into underwater eruptions.
Rock

Pink pumice key to revealing explosive power of underwater volcanic eruptions

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Drone images of craters formed at Sheep Mountain. Credit: Kent Sundell, Casper College.
Crater

Secondary cratering on Earth: The Wyoming impact crater field

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The Kumano Pluton in southern Japan appears as a red bulge (indicating dense rock) in the center of a new 3D visualization by The University of Texas at Austin. The pluton is large enough to interfere with the nearby Nankai subduction zone and the region’s earthquakes. Credit: Adrien Arnulf
Earthquake

Big data imaging shows rock’s big role in channeling earthquakes in...

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