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Tiny mineral inclusions picture for the first time oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere and changed the composition of the mantle. Credit: Hugo Moreira / Nature Geoscience

New research reveals Earth’s ancient ‘breath’

Spectacular rainbow obsidian blade

The World’s Rarest and Most Expensive Types of Obsidian

Rare Gems and Minerals in New Mexico

+30 Rare Gems and Minerals in New Mexico

Venetia Diamond Mine, South Africa. Photo by Dr Tom Gernon, University of Southampton

Scientists crack the code of what causes diamonds to erupt

Dimitri Laurent explores a typical gallery in the Nébélé Cave, which was formed by sulfuric acid speleogenesis. You can see a deep notch that indicates the former presence of a river, and sodium sulfate on the left that is produced from weathering by sulfuric acid. Credit: Christophe Durlet

Unearthing the sources of cave-forming sulfuric acid

The extensive accumulations of obsidian artefacts in level C. a,b, General view of the level and detail of artefact density along the MS cliff (a) and inset (b). c,d, General view (c) and detail (d) of the artefact concentration (mainly handaxes) in the test pit of 2004. Credit: Nature Ecology & Evolution (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01970-1

Obsidian handaxe-making workshop from 1.2 million years ago discovered in Ethiopia

Boudinage in brecciated dolostone rocks of the Panamint Range (Wildrose Area, Death Valley National Park). New research shows that periclase is stronger than bridgmanite in earth's lower mantle, analogous to boudins developing in rigid ("stronger") rocks among less competent ("weaker") rocks. Credit: Jennifer M. Jackson, Caltech

New results reveal surprising behavior of minerals deep in the Earth

Superdeep diamonds that originate hundreds of kilometers beneath Earth’s surface are like time capsules revealing how they were formed, thanks to unique combinations of minerals trapped inside the diamonds. Credit: University of Alberta

‘Superdeep’ diamond deepens our understanding of plate tectonics

Earth, core, mantle

Researchers discover previously unknown mineralogy of the deep Earth

Using Mössbauer spectroscopy, Osaka Metropolitan University scientists investigate the iron ion status of pyroxenes, a major group of rock-forming silicate minerals. Their study revealed that in pyroxene crystals consisting of roughly 50% calcium, the tensor that determines the ratios of iron ions at the Mössbauer spectral peaks is independent of the iron content but dependent on the calcium content. Credit: Shinoda, OMU

Calcium content determines the peak intensity ratio due to iron ions...

A depiction of an asteroid heading toward Earth, with the moon in the background. (Image credit: Juan Gartner via Getty Images)

The largest meteorite impacts on Earth

The diamond from Botswana revealed to the scientists that considerable amounts of water are stored in the rock at a depth of more than 600 kilometres. Photo: Tingting Gu, Gemological Institute of America, New York, NY, USA

An ocean inside Earth? Water hundreds of kilometers down

A selection of some of the rare earth artificial rocks produced by the team. Picture taken at the iCRAG Lab at Trinity College Dublin. Credit: Trinity College Dublin

Researchers create synthetic rocks to better understand how increasingly sought-after rare...

The iron-carbon alloy reacted with water at high pressure and high temperature conditions related to the Earth’s deep mantle in a diamond-anvil cell.

Diamonds and rust at Earth’s core-mantle boundary

An anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium adheres to the molybdenite (MoS2) surface to uptake the trace elements from the mineral structure for cell synthesis. Credit: Science China Press

Mineral-microbe interactions play important roles in geological and environmental processes

Thin section of NASA sample, LAP 02436, Lunar Mare Basalt containing indigenous noble gases. Image type: optical microscopy, cross-​polarized light. (Image: ETH Zurich / Patrizia Will)

One more clue to the Moon’s origin

Examining ocean floors key to minerals needed for renewable energy. Image: Supplied

Ancient ocean floors could help in the search for critical minerals

Kimberlites are complex rocks that came to the Earth's surface from great depths. The picture shows a thin section of a carbonate-​rich kimberlite. (Photograph: David Swart / Messengers of the Mantle Exhibition)

Traces of life in the Earth’s deep mantle

Minerals are visible in rock samples from the coast of Oman. Scientists said these rocks may reveal new information about subduction, an important tectonic process on Earth. Credit: Joshua Garber / Penn State.

Mineral dating reveals new clues about important tectonic process

Can diamonds originate methane?

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